Reading Skills 1 is designed to enhance students' ability to comprehend, analyze, and critically engage with a variety of texts. This course develops foundational and advanced reading strategies to improve fluency, vocabulary, and critical thinking. Through diverse reading materials—ranging from academic articles to literary texts—students will practice active reading techniques, strengthen comprehension, and cultivate skills for synthesizing and evaluating information. The course fosters lifelong learning by equipping students with tools to navigate complex texts across disciplines. 

By the end of the course, students will be able to:

• Apply active reading strategies, such as annotation, summarization, and questioning, to enhance text comprehension.

• Identify main ideas, supporting details, and implicit meanings in various genres of texts.

• Expand vocabulary through contextual analysis and word study techniques.

• Evaluate the credibility, bias, and purpose of texts using critical thinking skills.

• Synthesize information from multiple sources to form well-reasoned arguments or responses.

• Adapt reading strategies to suit different purposes, including academic, professional, and personal contexts.

The course is a continuation of  language skills courses with an emphasis on drawing logical inferences based on evidence gleaned from the text, as well as crafting and defending a valid thesis statement based on those inferences. The class is split into four thematic units: Education, Intelligence, and Learning; Creative and Critical Thinking; Law, Justice, and Vengeance; and Humor, Satire, and Irony. Each unit includes a variety of texts to explore, including short fiction and nonfiction, film, poetry, and songs. 

 Norton Anthology of English Literature 1.

Comprehensive Bibliography of Secondary Literature

General Reference Works and Literary Histories

Essential Reference:

Abrams, M.H., and Stephen Greenblatt, editors. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 10th ed., Norton, 2018.

Drabble, Margaret, editor. The Oxford Companion to English Literature. 6th ed., Oxford University Press, 2000.

Preminger, Alex, and T.V.F. Brogan, editors. The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Princeton University Press, 1993.

Cuddon, J.A. A Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. 5th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.

Comprehensive Literary Histories:

Barber, Charles. The English Language: A Historical Introduction. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Baugh, Albert C., and Thomas Cable. A History of the English Language. 6th ed., Routledge, 2013.

Ford, Boris, editor. The Cambridge Cultural History of Britain. 9 vols., Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Logan, George M., editor. The Cambridge History of Early Modern English Literature. Cambridge University Press, 2002.

Wallace, David, editor. The Cambridge History of Medieval English Literature. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Biblical Literature and Its Influence (Weeks 1-2)

Biblical Studies and Literary Analysis:

Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Narrative. Basic Books, 1981. Alter, Robert. The Art of Biblical Poetry. Basic Books, 1985.

Alter, Robert, and Frank Kermode, editors. The Literary Guide to the Bible. Harvard University Press, 1987.

Auerbach, Erich. Mimesis: The Representation of Reality in Western Literature. Princeton University Press, 2003. [Chapter 1: "Odysseus' Scar"]

Bar-Efrat, Shimon. Narrative Art in the Bible. Sheffield Academic Press, 1989.

Berlin, Adele. Poetics and Interpretation of Biblical Narrative. Sheffield Academic Press, 1983. Fokkelman, J.P. Narrative Art in Genesis. Van Gorcum, 1975.

Frye, Northrop. The Great Code: The Bible and Literature. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982.

Gros Louis, Kenneth R.R., editor. Literary Interpretations of Biblical Narratives. 2 vols., Abingdon Press, 1974-1982.

Josipovici, Gabriel. The Book of God: A Response to the Bible. Yale University Press, 1988.

Kermode, Frank. The Genesis of Secrecy: On the Interpretation of Narrative. Harvard University Press, 1979.

Prickett, Stephen. Words and the Word: Language, Poetics and Biblical Interpretation. Cambridge University Press, 1986.

Ryken, Leland. How to Read the Bible as Literature. Zondervan, 1984.

Sternberg, Meir. The Poetics of Biblical Narrative. Indiana University Press, 1985.

The Gospel of John - Literary Studies:

Brown, Raymond E. The Gospel According to John. 2 vols., Anchor Bible, Doubleday, 1966-1970. Culpepper, R. Alan. Anatomy of the Fourth Gospel: A Study in Literary Design. Fortress Press, 1983. Duke, Paul D. Irony in the Fourth Gospel. John Knox Press, 1985.

Koester, Craig R. Symbolism in the Fourth Gospel: Meaning, Mystery, Community. 2nd ed., Fortress Press, 2003.

Lee, Dorothy A. The Symbolic Narratives of the Fourth Gospel. Sheffield Academic Press, 1994. Moloney, Francis J. Belief in the Word: Reading John 1-4. Fortress Press, 1993.

Resseguie, James L. The Strange Gospel: Narrative Design and Point of View in John. Brill, 2001.

Stibbe, Mark W.G. John as Storyteller: Narrative Criticism and the Fourth Gospel. Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Biblical Influence on English Literature:

Daniell, David. The Bible in English. Yale University Press, 2003.

Hamlin, Hannibal. Psalm Culture and Early Modern English Literature. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Jeffrey, David Lyle, editor. A Dictionary of Biblical Tradition in English Literature. Eerdmans, 1992.

Knott, John R. The Sword of the Spirit: Puritan Responses to the Bible. University of Chicago Press, 1980.

McGrath, Alister E. In the Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible and How It Changed a Nation, a Language, and a Culture. Doubleday, 2001.

Norton, David. A History of the Bible as Literature. 2 vols., Cambridge University Press, 1993.

Prickett, Stephen, and Robert Barnes. The Bible. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Roston, Murray. Biblical Drama in England from the Middle Ages to the Present Day. Northwestern University Press, 1968.

Anglo-Saxon and Early Medieval Literature (Weeks 2-3)

Beowulf Studies:

Bjork, Robert E., and John D. Niles, editors. A Beowulf Handbook. University of Nebraska Press, 1997.

Chickering, Howell D. Beowulf: A Dual-Language Edition. Anchor Books, 2006.

Fulk, R.D., Robert E. Bjork, and John D. Niles, editors. Klaeber's Beowulf. 4th ed., University of Toronto Press, 2008.

Hill, John M. The Cultural World in Beowulf. University of Toronto Press, 1995. Irving, Edward B. A Reading of Beowulf. Yale University Press, 1968.

Niles, John D. Beowulf: The Poem and Its Tradition. Harvard University Press, 1983. Orchard, Andy. A Critical Companion to Beowulf. D.S. Brewer, 2003.

Robinson, Fred C. Beowulf and the Appositive Style. University of Tennessee Press, 1985.

Anglo-Saxon Culture and Context:

Blair, Peter Hunter. An Introduction to Anglo-Saxon England. 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Fell, Christine. Women in Anglo-Saxon England. British Museum Publications, 1984.

Godden, Malcolm, and Michael Lapidge, editors. The Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature. Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Howe, Nicholas. Migration and Mythmaking in Anglo-Saxon England. Yale University Press, 1989.

Lapidge, Michael, et al., editors. The Blackwell Encyclopaedia of Anglo-Saxon England. Blackwell, 1999.

Mayr-Harting, Henry. The Coming of Christianity to Anglo-Saxon England. 3rd ed., Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991.

Mitchell, Bruce, and Fred C. Robinson. A Guide to Old English. 8th ed., Wiley-Blackwell, 2012.

Anglo-Saxon Poetry:

Calder, Daniel G. Cynewulf. Twayne, 1981.

Conner, Patrick W. Anglo-Saxon Exeter: A Tenth-Century Cultural History. Boydell Press, 1993. Earl, James W. Thinking About Beowulf. Stanford University Press, 1994.

Frank, Roberta. Old Norse Court Poetry: The Dróttkvætt Stanza. Cornell University Press, 1978.

Greenfield, Stanley B., and Daniel G. Calder. A New Critical History of Old English Literature. NYU Press, 1986.

Klinck, Anne L. The Old English Elegies: A Critical Edition and Genre Study. McGill-Queen's University Press, 1992.

Medieval Literature and Culture (Weeks 4-7)

Medieval Romance:

Barron, W.R.J. English Medieval Romance. Longman, 1987.

Brewer, Derek, and Jonathan Gibson, editors. A Companion to the Gawain-Poet. D.S. Brewer, 1997. Burrow, J.A. A Reading of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Routledge, 1965.

Davenport, W.A. The Art of the Gawain-Poet. Athlone Press, 1978. Keen, Maurice. Chivalry. Yale University Press, 1984.

Putter, Ad. An Introduction to the Gawain-Poet. Longman, 1996.

Spearing, A.C. The Gawain-Poet: A Critical Study. Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Chaucerian Studies:

Benson, Larry D., editor. The Riverside Chaucer. 3rd ed., Houghton Mifflin, 1987.

Boitani, Piero, and Jill Mann, editors. The Cambridge Companion to Chaucer. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Brown, Peter, editor. A Companion to Chaucer. Blackwell, 2000.

Cooper, Helen. The Canterbury Tales. 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 1996. Dinshaw, Carolyn. Chaucer's Sexual Poetics. University of Wisconsin Press, 1989.

Hansen, Elaine Tuttle. Chaucer and the Fictions of Gender. University of California Press, 1992. Howard, Donald R. The Idea of the Canterbury Tales. University of California Press, 1976.

Kittredge, George Lyman. Chaucer and His Poetry. Harvard University Press, 1915.

Leicester, H. Marshall. The Disenchanted Self: Representing the Subject in the Canterbury Tales. University of California Press, 1990.

Mann, Jill. Chaucer and Medieval Estates Satire. Cambridge University Press, 1973. Patterson, Lee. Chaucer and the Subject of History. University of Wisconsin Press, 1991. Pearsall, Derek. The Canterbury Tales. George Allen & Unwin, 1985.

Medieval Drama:

Beadle, Richard, editor. The Cambridge Companion to Medieval English Theatre. Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Bevington, David M. Medieval Drama. Houghton Mifflin, 1975.

Cawley, A.C. Everyman and Medieval Miracle Plays. Dent, 1956. Coldewey, John C. Early English Drama: An Anthology. Garland, 1993.

Davidson, Clifford. Festivals and Plays in Late Medieval Britain. Ashgate, 2007. Happé, Peter. English Mystery Plays. Penguin Classics, 1975.

King, Pamela M. The York Mystery Cycle and the Worship of the City. D.S. Brewer, 2006. Kolve, V.A. The Play Called Corpus Christi. Stanford University Press, 1966.

Woolf, Rosemary. The English Mystery Plays. University of California Press, 1972.

Renaissance and Early Modern Literature (Weeks 8-15)

Renaissance Context and Humanism:

Bate, Jonathan. The Genius of Shakespeare. Picador, 1997.

Binns, J.W. Intellectual Culture in Elizabethan and Jacobean England. Francis Cairns, 1990.

Burckhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Translated by S.G.C. Middlemore, Modern Library, 2002.

Ferguson, Margaret W. Dido's Daughters: Literacy, Gender, and Empire in Early Modern England and France. University of Chicago Press, 2003.

Greenblatt, Stephen. Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare. University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Hale, John. The Civilization of Europe in the Renaissance. Atheneum, 1994.

Kristeller, Paul Oskar. Renaissance Thought and Its Sources. Columbia University Press, 1979. Logan, George M. The Meaning of More's Utopia. Princeton University Press, 1983.

McConica, James. English Humanists and Reformation Politics. Oxford University Press, 1965.

Elizabethan and Jacobean Poetry:

Alpers, Paul. The Poetry of The Faerie Queene. Princeton University Press, 1967. Booth, Stephen. An Essay on Shakespeare's Sonnets. Yale University Press, 1969.

Dubrow, Heather. Echoes of Desire: English Petrarchism and Its Counterdiscourses. Cornell University Press, 1995.

Ferry, Anne. The "Inward" Language: Sonnets of Wyatt, Sidney, Shakespeare, Donne. University of Chicago Press, 1983.

Fineman, Joel. Shakespeare's Perjured Eye: The Invention of Poetic Subjectivity in the Sonnets. University of California Press, 1986.

Hamilton, A.C., editor. The Spenser Encyclopedia. University of Toronto Press, 1990.

Heninger, S.K. Sidney and Spenser: The Poet as Maker. Pennsylvania State University Press, 1989.

Jones, Ann Rosalind, and Peter Stallybrass. Renaissance Clothing and the Materials of Memory. Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Keach, William. Elizabethan Erotic Narratives. Rutgers University Press, 1977. Lever, J.W. The Elizabethan Love Sonnet. Methuen, 1956.

Marotti, Arthur F. Manuscript, Print, and the English Renaissance Lyric. Cornell University Press, 1995.

May, Steven W. The Elizabethan Courtier Poets. University of Missouri Press, 1991.

Peterson, Douglas L. The English Lyric from Wyatt to Donne. Princeton University Press, 1967.

Puttenham, George. The Art of English Poesy. Edited by Frank Whigham and Wayne A. Rebhorn, Cornell University Press, 2007.

Roche, Thomas P. Petrarch and the English Sonnet Sequences. AMS Press, 1989. Vendler, Helen. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets. Harvard University Press, 1997.

Shakespearean Studies:

Barton, Anne. Essays, Mainly Shakespearean. Cambridge University Press, 1994. Bevington, David. Shakespeare. 7th ed., Longman, 2013.

Bloom, Harold. Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human. Riverhead Books, 1998. Bradley, A.C. Shakespearean Tragedy. 3rd ed., Macmillan, 1992.

Brooke, Nicholas. Shakespeare's Early Tragedies. Methuen, 1968. Callaghan, Dympna. Shakespeare's Sonnets. Blackwell, 2007.

De Grazia, Margreta, and Stanley Wells, editors. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare. Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Dollimore, Jonathan, and Alan Sinfield, editors. Political Shakespeare. 2nd ed., Cornell University Press, 1994.

Dusinberre, Juliet. Shakespeare and the Nature of Women. 3rd ed., Palgrave Macmillan, 2003. Garber, Marjorie. Shakespeare After All. Pantheon, 2004.

Greenblatt, Stephen. Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare. Norton, 2004. Gurr, Andrew. The Shakespearean Stage 1574-1642. 4th ed., Cambridge University Press, 2009. Kastan, David Scott, editor. A Companion to Shakespeare. Blackwell, 1999.

Kott, Jan. Shakespeare Our Contemporary. Translated by Boleslaw Taborski, Norton, 1974.

McDonald, Russ, editor. Shakespeare: An Anthology of Criticism and Theory, 1945-2000. Blackwell, 2004.

Orgel, Stephen. Impersonations: The Performance of Gender in Shakespeare's England. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Schoenbaum, S. William Shakespeare: A Compact Documentary Life. Oxford University Press, 1977.

Wells, Stanley. Shakespeare: For All Time. Oxford University Press, 2003.

Christopher Marlowe Studies:

Bartels, Emily C. Spectacles of Strangeness: Imperialism, Alienation, and Marlowe. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993.

Cheney, Patrick, editor. The Cambridge Companion to Christopher Marlowe. Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Cole, Douglas. Suffering and Evil in the Plays of Christopher Marlowe. Princeton University Press, 1962.

Greenblatt, Stephen. Renaissance Self-Fashioning: From More to Shakespeare. University of Chicago Press, 1980. [Chapter on Marlowe]

Kuriyama, Constance Brown. Christopher Marlowe: A Renaissance Life. Cornell University Press, 2002.

Leech, Clifford. Christopher Marlowe: Poet for the Stage. AMS Press, 1986. MacLure, Millar. Marlowe: The Critical Heritage 1588-1896. Routledge, 1979. Riggs, David. The World of Christopher Marlowe. Henry Holt, 2004.

Steane, J.B. Marlowe: A Critical Study. Cambridge University Press, 1964.

Jacobean Drama:

Bowers, Fredson. Elizabethan Revenge Tragedy 1587-1642. Princeton University Press, 1940.

Bradbrook, M.C. Themes and Conventions of Elizabethan Tragedy. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 1980.

Butler, Martin. Theatre and Crisis 1632-1642. Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Dollimore, Jonathan. Radical Tragedy: Religion, Ideology and Power in the Drama of Shakespeare and His Contemporaries. 3rd ed., Palgrave Macmillan, 2004.

Daalder, Joost, editor. The Duchess of Malfi: John Webster. 2nd ed., A&C Black, 2009. Foakes, R.A. Illustrations of the English Stage 1580-1642. Stanford University Press, 1985. Gibbons, Brian. Jacobean City Comedy. 2nd ed., Methuen, 1980.

Gurr, Andrew. Playgoing in Shakespeare's London. 3rd ed., Cambridge University Press, 2004. Leggatt, Alexander. English Drama: Shakespeare to the Restoration, 1590-1660. Longman, 1988. McLuskie, Kathleen. Renaissance Dramatists. Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1989.

Ornstein, Robert. The Moral Vision of Jacobean Tragedy. University of Wisconsin Press, 1960.

Metaphysical Poetry:

Bennett, Joan. Four Metaphysical Poets. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 1953.

Bush, Douglas. English Literature in the Earlier Seventeenth Century. 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, 1962.

Carey, John. John Donne: Life, Mind and Art. Oxford University Press, 1981.

Clements, Arthur L. Poetry of Contemplation: John Donne, George Herbert, Henry Vaughan, and the Modern Period. SUNY Press, 1990.

Eliot, T.S. "The Metaphysical Poets." 1921. Reprinted in Selected Essays, Faber, 1951.

Fish, Stanley E. The Living Temple: George Herbert and Catechizing. University of California Press, 1978.

Gardner, Helen, editor. The Metaphysical Poets. Penguin Classics, 1957.

Grierson, H.J.C., editor. Metaphysical Lyrics and Poems of the Seventeenth Century. Oxford University Press, 1921.

Guibbory, Achsah. The Map of Time: Seventeenth-Century English Literature and Ideas of Pattern in History. University of Illinois Press, 1986.

Low, Anthony. Love's Architecture: Devotional Modes in Seventeenth-Century English Poetry. NYU Press, 1978.

Martz, Louis L. The Poetry of Meditation. Yale University Press, 1954.

Strier, Richard. Love Known: Theology and Experience in George Herbert's Poetry. University of Chicago Press, 1983.

Summers, Claude J., and Ted-Larry Pebworth, editors. The Eagle and the Dove: Reassessing John Donne. University of Missouri Press, 1986.

Vendler, Helen. The Poetry of George Herbert. Harvard University Press, 1975.

John Milton Studies:

Bryson, Michael. The Tyranny of Heaven: Milton's Rejection of God as King. University of Delaware Press, 2004.

Campbell, Gordon. A Milton Chronology. Macmillan, 1997.

Danielson, Dennis, editor. The Cambridge Companion to Milton. 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Empson, William. Milton's God. Rev. ed., Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Fish, Stanley. Surprised by Sin: The Reader in Paradise Lost. 2nd ed., Harvard University Press, 1997. Flannagan, Roy, editor. The Riverside Milton. Houghton Mifflin, 1998.

Fowler, Alastair. Paradise Lost. 2nd ed., Longman, 1998.

Lewalski, Barbara Kiefer. The Life of John Milton. Rev. ed., Blackwell, 2003. Lewis, C.S. A Preface to Paradise Lost. Oxford University Press, 1942.

Lieb, Michael. The Dialectics of Creation: Patterns of Birth and Regeneration in Paradise Lost. University of Massachusetts Press, 1970.

Parker, William Riley. Milton: A Biography. 2nd ed., 2 vols., Oxford University Press, 1996. Ricks, Christopher. Milton's Grand Style. Oxford University Press, 1963.

Rumrich, John P. Milton Unbound: Controversy and Reinterpretation. Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Waldock, A.J.A. Paradise Lost and Its Critics. Cambridge University Press, 1947.

Cultural and Historical Context

Medieval Society and Culture:

Duby, Georges. The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined. Translated by Arthur Goldhammer, University of Chicago Press, 1980.

Le Goff, Jacques. Medieval Civilization. Translated by Julia Barrow, Basil Blackwell, 1988. Power, Eileen. Medieval People. 10th ed., Methuen, 1963.

Southern, R.W. The Making of the Middle Ages. Yale University Press, 1953.

Renaissance Society and Culture:

Burkhardt, Jacob. The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy. Various editions.

Eisenstein, Elizabeth L. The Printing Press as an Agent of Change. Cambridge University Press, 1979.

Goldberg, Jonathan. James I and the Politics of Literature. Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.

Montrose, Louis. The Subject of Elizabeth: Authority, Gender, and Representation. University of Chicago Press, 2006.

Strong, Roy. The Cult of Elizabeth. Thames and Hudson, 1977.

Critical Theory and Methodology

Literary Theory for Historical Periods:

Aers, David. Community, Gender, and Individual Identity: English Writing 1360-1430. Routledge, 1988.

Belsey, Catherine. The Subject of Tragedy: Identity and Difference in Renaissance Drama. Methuen, 1985.

Cohen, Walter. Drama of a Nation: Public Theater in Renaissance England and Spain. Cornell University Press, 1985.

Goldberg, Jonathan. Sodometries: Renaissance Texts, Modern Sexualities. Stanford University Press, 1992.

Greenblatt, Stephen. Shakespearean Negotiations. University of California Press, 1988.

Jardine, Lisa. Still Harping on Daughters: Women and Drama in the Age of Shakespeare. 2nd ed., Columbia University Press, 1989.

Kastan, David Scott. Shakespeare After Theory. Routledge, 1999.

Knapp, Jeffrey. Shakespeare's Tribe: Church, Nation, and Theater in Renaissance England. University of Chicago Press, 2002.

ESL and Pedagogical Resources

Teaching Literature to Non-Native Speakers:

Collie, Joanne, and Stephen Slater. Literature in the Language Classroom. Cambridge University Press, 1987.

Duff, Alan, and Alan Maley. Literature. Oxford University Press, 1990.

Hirvela, Alan. "ESL Students and Literature: Exploration and Explanation." Journal of Second Language Writing, vol. 5, no. 1, 1996, pp. 1-21.

Kramsch, Claire J. Context and Culture in Language Teaching. Oxford University Press, 1993. Lazar, Gillian. Literature and Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press, 1993.

McKay, Sandra. Literature in the ESL Classroom. Oxford University Press, 1982. Widdowson, H.G. Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature. Longman, 1975.

Historical English Language Studies:

Algeo, John. British or American English? A Handbook of Word and Grammar Patterns. Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Blake, N.F. A History of the English Language. Palgrave Macmillan, 1996. Crystal, David. The Stories of English. Overlook Press, 2004.

Görlach, Manfred. Introduction to Early Modern English. Cambridge University Press, 1991. Horobin, Simon. How English Became English. Oxford University Press, 2016.

Smith, Jeremy J. An Historical Study of English. Routledge, 1996.

Digital Resources and Online Databases

Primary Source Databases:

Early English Books Online (EEBO): http://eebo.chadwyck.com/ Literature Online (LION): http://lion.chadwyck.com/

Oxford English Dictionary Online: http://www.oed.com/

Folger Shakespeare Library Digital Collections: http://luna.folger.edu/

Academic Journals:

English Literary Renaissance

Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies Medieval Studies

Renaissance Quarterly Shakespeare Quarterly Studies in English Literature The Chaucer Review

The Explicator

Professional Organizations:

Modern Language Association (MLA) Medieval Academy of America Renaissance Society of America Shakespeare Association of America New Chaucer Society

Participation Guidelines

Active participation includes:

• Attending class regularly and punctually
• Coming prepared with readings completed
• Contributing to class discussions respectfully
• Asking questions when clarification is needed
• Respecting diverse cultural perspectives on literature